Viral vectors

Viral vectors are used to deliver genetic material into cells. This process is performed inside a living organism or in cell culture. Viruses have a specials mechanism to transport their genomes inside the cells they infect.The infected cells are described as transduced.

Microinjection: Genes by injection

An ultra fine cannula is used to inject genes into an animal cell. But so far it only works with animal cells and scientists have to do lots of research to find suitable genes, vectors and cell that are adapted to plant conditions.